Automobiles are a lifeline to modern society. They transport people and goods, and they help build cities. They are also a major source of recreation and leisure activities. But they have had some negative effects as well, such as pollution and the loss of open spaces. The automobile has opened up more work opportunities, and it makes it easier to travel long distances for jobs. It has also brought more leisure activities, such as restaurants and fast food, and it has helped create new businesses such as hotels, amusement parks, and motels.
The first cars were powered by steam or electricity. But it was not until Karl Benz of Germany and Gottlieb Daimler of Austria developed practical gasoline-powered automobiles that they really became useful to the public.
By the 1920s, nearly all cars were mass-produced to meet market needs. Because of this, marketing plans often heavily influenced automobile design. Alfred P. Sloan established different “makes” of cars by using the same mechanical parts for each model, allowing buyers to “move up” as their fortunes improved.
Safety has been a significant consideration in automobile development. Significant reductions in death and injury have come from the invention of seat belts and laws that require occupants to wear them. Airbags and other safety features have also contributed to this trend.